While it may seem simple in its concept, drawing a basic bell curve in Microsoft Excel has long been a challenge for students and business professionals alike. Of. How to find and change default save location of Excel templates? If you want to export all of personal Excel templates to a new computer, how to find out the Excel templates quickly? If the default saving location is too hard to find out quickly, how to change the default save location? In this article, I will show you detailed ways to find out the default save location of Excel templates, as well as change the default save location of Excel templates. ![]() ![]() Find out the default save location of Excel templates. Change the default save location of Excel 2. Change the default save location of Excel 2. One click to open folder which contains active workbook with this workbook selected. Find out the default save location of Excel templates. To find out default save location of your personal Excel templates, just copy and paste the following path into the Address box of a folder window: Excel 2. C: \Users\%Username%\Documents\Custom Office Templates. Excel 2. 00. 7/2. C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Roaming\Microsoft\Templates. For the default Excel template which is applied automatically when creating a new workbook, its default save location is as following: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Application Data\Microsoft\Excel\XLSTARTChange the default save location of Excel 2. Some users may think it’s too difficult to remember the default save location of personal Excel templates. Actually, Excel 2. Excel templates as following steps: Step 1: Click the File > Options. Step 2: In the opening Excel Options dialog box, click the Save in the left bar, and enter or paste your custom save location into the Default personal templates location box. Step 3: Click the OK button. Then the default personal Excel templates’ save location is changed to your custom location. Change the default save location of Excel 2. To change the default save location of Excel 2. Step 1: Open Microsoft Word Options dialog box: In Word 2. File > Options; In Word 2. Office Button > Word Options. Step 2: In the opening Word Options dialog box, click the Advanced in the left bar, and then click the File Locations button in the General section. Step 3: In the coming File Locations dialog box, click to select the User templates in the File types box, and click the Modify button. Step 4: Now you get into the Modify Location dialog box, find out and select a folder, and then click the OK Button. Step 4: Click two OK buttons to close the File Locations dialog box and Word Options dialog box. Related articles: Recommended Productivity Tools Bring handy tabs to Excel and other Office software, just like Chrome, Firefox and new Internet Explorer. Amazing! Increase your productivity in 5 minutes. Don't need any special skills, save two hours every day! New Features for Excel, Make Excel Much Easy and Powerful: Merge Cell/Rows/Columns without Losing Data. Combine and Consolidate Multiple Sheets and Workbooks. Compare Ranges, Copy Multiple Ranges, Convert Text to Date, Unit and Currency Conversion. Count by Colors, Paging Subtotals, Advanced Sort and Super Filter,More Select/Insert/Delete/Text/Format/Link/Comment/Workbooks/Worksheets Tools.. Partner Perspectives. Partner Perspectives. Partner Perspectives. White Papers. Current Issue. Digital Transformation Myths & Truths. Transformation is on every IT organization's to- do list, but effectively transforming IT means a major shift in technology as well as business models and culture. In this IT Trend Report, we examine some of the misconceptions of digital transformation and look at steps you can take to succeed technically and culturally.[Interop ITX 2. State Of Dev. Ops Report. The Dev. Ops movement brings application development and infrastructure operations together to increase efficiency and deploy applications more quickly. But embracing Dev. Ops means making significant cultural, organizational, and technological changes. This research report will examine how and why IT organizations are adopting Dev. Ops methodologies, the effects on their staff and processes, and the tools they are utilizing for the best results. Video. Sponsored Video. Slideshows. Twitter Feed.
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Command & Conquer: Red Alert is a real-time strategy video game of the Command & Conquer franchise, produced by Westwood Studios and released by Virgin Interactive in. Most Active Players. Walderbash - 756 plays; raymond14 - 558 plays; lola - 176 plays; cherish58 - 91 plays; buzziemom - 83 plays; Hellish - 77 plays; phyllis_nixon. Angels Online is a 2D MMORPG with distinctive game systems including engrossing storylines, a natural and cute graphic style, liberal character growth, fierce. OGame - The legendary game in the space! Discover the universe together with thousands of players. PC Cheats - C& C Generals Zero Hour Wiki Guide. This page contains a list of cheats, codes, Easter eggs, tips, and other secrets for Command & Conquer Generals Zero Hour for PC. If you've discovered a cheat you'd like to add to the page, or have a correction, please click EDIT and add it. Go to the Command and Conquer Generals Zero Hour folder (usually in My Documents) and open the Skirmish Stats. Go to the money and delete the amount there and type in this amount: 1. ![]() Save the file. Either do this before you go into the game from your desktop, or after the EA game video and the start video before you click on solo play, and when you start a game at least one opponent will die almost instaneously. This is especially good for beating every map against the maximum number of hard opponents and earning the medal that corresponds with that achievement. Submitted by: cataclysmic. Your ranking is affected by wins: Win: 3 points Lose: 0 points Disconnect: - 1 point Here is a full list of rankings: Private- 0 Points (Gained after 1 battle)Corporal- 5 Points. Sergeant- 1. 0 Points. Lieutenant- 2. 0 Points. Captain- 5. 0 Points. Major- 1. 00 Points. Colonel- 2. 00 Points. Brigadier General- 5. Points. General- 1. Points. Commander in Chief - 2. Points. Here is a list of Battle Honors. Air Wing Honor - Build 2. Aircraft in a solo or multiplayer mission. Apocalypse Honor - Build each of the Super Weapons. Battle Tank Honor - Build 5. Tanks in a solo or multiplayer mission. Blitz Honor - Defeat an enemy in less than 1. China Campaign Honor - Complete China's Campaign Mode. Endurance Honor - Complete all Skirmish maps. GLA Campaign Honor - Complete GLA's Campaign Mode. Streak Honor - Win 3, 1. USA Campaign Honor - Complete USA's Campaign Mode. Fair Play (Multiplayer Honor) - Win, lose, surrender, or exit at a 9. Note: Alter game files at your own risk and ALWAYS make backups! To earn easy medals, go into My Documents / Command & Conquer Generals: Zero Hour Data / Skirmish Stats. Once there you can type in the following codes to unlock medals: Best. Win. Streak = 1. 00. Win. Streak = 1. 00. Wins = 1. 00. 00. USACampaign_0 = 1. GLACampaign_0 = 1. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Loyal. Games = 1. First you have to find your “Command and Conquer Generals Zero Hour Data” folder. Once you open the folder, look for the file called “Skirmish” (NOTE: the file is NOT called Skirmish. Stats). Once you open the file in Notepad, look for the section labeled “Starting. Cash”. When you see that section, you can enter in any number, no matter how big or small, and it will work. An interesting but multi- unit 'force rush'. Build a force of hummvees or busses and fill them with a sniper- rebel and rocket troopers. Pile up each vehicle with full passengers and then send them off to attack. The sniper- rebel will down incoming infantry, and the missile troopers will damage hard targets. Back- up the original file, or die. Locate the file Skirmish stats in the Command and Conquer Generals Zero Hour Data directory. Open it with Notepad and replace the file's contents with this: Best. Win. Streak = 1. 00. CHINACampaign_0 = 1. Challenge = 1. 00. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. Challenge. Campaign. GLACampaign_0 = 1. Honors = 1. 78. 68. Last. House = GLALoyal. Games = 1. 0PPC = 5. SCUD = 5. USACampaign_0 = 1. Win. Streak = 1. 00. Wins = 1. 00. 01. Losses = 0mapsalpine assaultalpine assault. This will only work in skirmish and LAN or internet play. Build a barracks, war factory or airfield. Select one of them and click on the 'rally point' button. Now guess where your opponent is on the map and click on certain spots in his/her base. Ed - Or impassable terrain). Free Online Games For Your Website. Thank you for your interest in hosting these great Max Games on your web site! Everything you need to get started is inside the game packages including the game file, images, and information about the game. Please feel free to include a link on your web site back to Max Games so we can continue to share great titles! · Discusses the support policy for running Microsoft server software in the supported virtualization environments. How to install the pre-requisite Windows Server roles and features for an Exchange Server 2016 deployment. How to install the Exchange Server 2010 pre-requisites on Windows Server 2008. Skype for Business, Lync and Exchange Web Services (EWS) and different DNS Domains- Exchange crawling e.g. for presence. Upgrade from Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 01. 3: Exchange 2. Help Applies to: Exchange Online, Exchange Server, Exchange Server 2. Topic Last Modified: 2. Microsoft Exchange Server 2. Exchange Server 2. Client Access, Mailbox, Hub Transport, Unified Messaging, and Edge Transport. With Exchange Server 2. ![]() Client Access, Mailbox, and Edge Transport. Unified Messaging is now considered a component or sub feature of the voice- related features that are offered in Exchange 2. ![]() For more details about the changes, see “Exchange 2. What's new in Exchange 2. When you're upgrading your existing Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 01. 3, there's a period of time when Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 01. 3 servers will coexist within your organization. You can maintain this mode for an indefinite period of time, or you can immediately complete the upgrade to Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 00. 7 to Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 00. 7 servers. You have a coexistence scenario if the following conditions are true: Exchange 2. Exchange organization. More than one version of Microsoft Exchange provides messaging services to the organization. You can't upgrade an existing Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 01. 3. You must first upgrade the Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 00. 7 or Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 00. 7 or Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 01. 3. We recommend that you upgrade your organization from Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 01. 0, and then upgrade from Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 01. 3. You can migrate all your Exchange 2. Exchange Online. For more information about this approach, see Ways to migrate multiple email accounts to Office 3. The following table lists the scenarios in which coexistence between Exchange 2. Exchange is supported. Coexistence of Exchange 2. Exchange Server. Exchange version. Exchange organization coexistence. Exchange Server 2. Not supported. Exchange 2. Supported with the following minimum versions of Exchange: 1. Update Rollup 1. 0 for Exchange 2. Service Pack 3 (SP3) on all Exchange 2. Edge Transport servers. Exchange 2. 01. 3 Cumulative Update 2 (CU2) or later on all Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 01. 0. Supported with the following minimum versions of Exchange: 2. Exchange 2. 01. 0 SP3 on all Exchange 2. Edge Transport servers. Exchange 2. 01. 3 CU2 or later on all Exchange 2. Mixed Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 00. 7 organization. Supported with the following minimum versions of Exchange: 1. Update Rollup 1. 0 for Exchange 2. SP3 on all Exchange 2. Edge Transport servers. Exchange 2. 01. 0 SP3 on all Exchange 2. Edge Transport servers. Exchange 2. 01. 3 CU2 or later on all Exchange 2. If you want to create an Edge. Sync Subscription between an Exchange 2. Hub Transport server and an Exchange 2. SP1 Edge Transport server, you need to install Exchange 2. SP3 Update Rollup 1. Exchange 2. 00. 7 Hub Transport server. If you want to create an Edge. Sync Subscription between an Exchange 2. Hub Transport server and an Exchange 2. SP1 Edge Transport server, you need to install Exchange 2. SP3 Update Rollup 5 or later on the Exchange 2. Hub Transport server. If you have Active Directory sites with both Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 00. 7 installed, follow the upgrade instructions from both Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 00. 7, and perform the upgrade steps required by both. To help you get an overview of the Exchange 2. Exchange 2. 01. 3 upgrade process, we’ve gathered resources related to each key task in the following table. For specific step- by- step guidance, see Checklist: Upgrade from Exchange 2. ![]() How to install a video card. Initial steps which are common to all installations. System restore is your friend. Before you get started, it's a good idea to prepare for trouble. I'm not. trying to scare you. It's just a good idea to be prepared for the worst. Video card installations usually go off without a hitch. ![]() But if you're the. A system restore point keeps track. If. something goes wrong with the installation then you can do the following. Do a system restore to return the state of your software to where it. In this case, that's just. ![]() The Dell Remote Access Controller or DRAC is an out-of-band management platform on certain Dell servers. The platform may be provided on a separate expansion card, or. This is a short guide on solving the problem when trying to install the VGA driver on a Dell GX270 when Windows 7 is installed. Download R126990.EXE Drivers. Description. Missing or corrupt drivers affect the overall performance of a Windows OS. Installing the latest Dell Graphics Card drivers can fix this problem, however. Once it disappears, you realize how much you miss audio. There's no sound coming from your PC speakers!? Don't panic. Troubleshoot! Here's how to fix it. Shut the computer off and remove the new video card. If you don't have integrated video then reinsert your. Windows and you're back to your previous setup. Figure out what went wrong with the installation and try again. Windows ME and XP both have built- in support for system restore points. You. need third- party software to get this functionality in other versions of. Windows. You can read more about system restores on. You don't need to make. I change video. cards all the time and I never do. But if you're new to installing video. It can. make it a lot easier to recover and get your machine working properly if you. Get administrator rights. If you're running Windows 2. XP, then another thing you need to do. If you don't know what those are, then you probably already have. Only administrators are allowed to install and uninstall drivers and. This page. explains what administrator rights are and how to get them. Disable your virus scanner. One last thing you should do before getting started with your video card. Both NVIDIA and ATI tell you to. I don't know how. I have seen virus scanners. In any case, as long as. CD) then you don't have to worry. It's best to follow their instructions and. Just. remember to re- enable it once you've got your new video card up and running. Update your motherboard chipset drivers. The most. important of these chips are called the chipset. They are called that even if. You need to have chipset drivers installed to. It's a good idea to update your. It's especially important. Some. video card stability problems are fixed by releasing new motherboard chipset. It's a good idea to make sure you have the "latest and greatest". This page explains in detail how. Make sure you know how to avoid zapping your computer with static electicity. You're about to start working inside your computer. This is a good time to. It's bad. Okay, it's probably good for some. All you have to do to destroy a silicon. That blows a tiny little hole (it looks like the Grand Canyon on. And if the humidity is low. Some of the chips in your. This is where we get to talk about grounding and you need to consider whether. The power cable which plugs into. We only care about the ground wire. It's also. called the earth wire or the earth ground wire). The ground wire is connected. You can discharge static electricity by touching any bare metal part of your. If your house was wired. You're touching ground. That's not a joke. Your house's ground. But if. your house was wired by a complete fool who ignored the rules then you might. Note that it would have to be the world's. If there's some possibility that your electrician was an. That way your case. If your house is. But if you're not sure about your wiring (or you're just paranoid). But. still be sure to touch bare metal parts of the case to discharge any. While working, you need to make sure to regularly discharge any static. If you're a complete electronics geek (or you're a stickler for. I've designed electronics and worked with computers for. I don't have one so don't feel bad if you haven't got one. If you have one then put it on and clip it to a bare metal part of the case. That will make sure that you won't zap your chips. For the. rest of you (and me), all you have to do is touch your finger to any bare. Some power supplies have. Just touch an exposed metal part of the case. Touch the case every. If you want to be extra. That prevents you from building up much of a. When dealing with expansion cards, it's best to handle them only by the. Try not to. touch anything but the edges of the circuit board. That helps you avoid touching the silicon chips. If you're following. Video cards usually come in special anti- static plastic. They are usually brown or silver. Those bags help keep it from getting. When swapping video cards, you can store the. If you don't have an. It looks a little. Installation cases. The steps to properly install a video card can vary depending on the. The various different cases are listed below. Just figure out. which of the following cases apply to you and then follow the list of steps. The steps in each list must be done in order. The underlined. steps are links to thorough explanations of how to do them. Installation case 1: you're removing your old video card and installing a new one. This is the simplest case. Basically, you uninstall your old display drivers. Installation case 2: you're adding a new. PCI- Express x. 16. This is how you upgrade the video system in most store- bought computers. Unfortunately, this case can be anywhere from simple to extremely difficult. Let's just be optimistic and list the steps for. In a perfect world, the steps listed above would always work when adding a. In fact, these steps usually. Unfortunately, there's no standard way to add a video card to a. You can always try calling the manufacturer. I've seen lots of cases where they just have a generic. It's worth calling anyway to see if they. Computer manufacturers often have Internet help forums where people. They often have a frequently asked questions list which you can. If you can't get any useful information from the manufacturer (a. In many computers with integrated video, installing a video card into an. PCI- Express x. 16. You don't need to uninstall or disable the integrated video's. Windows boots. This kind. Some newer computers allow you to hook one monitor to your integrated video. AGP or PCI- Express x. That's handy for. That kind of. computer doesn't automatically disable the integrated video when you install. AGP or PCI- Express x. The problem with that kind of setup is. The primary video display is where the. It's also the main monitor in Windows where the. The secondary video display can be set up as extra. Some people want the primary video display. Most computers are set up assuming that any video card you install is. But some computers are set up the other way. So for this kind of. If you don't plan to use your integrated video at all it would be. Integrated video borrows its. RAM. If you're not using your integrated video then the RAM it borrows from the. Disabling your integrated video also reduces the. The steps to do it are listed below. The steps above make the integrated video completely vanish from the. Unfortunately, many motherboards do not allow you to disable the. If your computer can disable the integrated video then. You can tell if your machine. BIOS. If. you don't know much about BIOSes then. If. your BIOS can disable the integrated video then use the steps listed above. If your new video card doesn't work then you've got a problem. You just. disabled your integrated video in the BIOS. If you hook a monitor to it. You can't use it to go into the BIOS and re- enable the. The solution to this problem is to clear the CMOS RAM. That. resets the BIOS options for the motherboard to their default states which. That means that your integrated video. If you had any other BIOS options set. CMOS RAM. resets all of them to defaults: not just the ones for the integrated video. The manual for your computer should explain how to clear the CMOS RAM. If. not, you can find the information on the manufacturer's web site for your. For example. explains how to do it for a Dell Dimension 8. Generally it involves. On some motherboards, you clear the CMOS. If your machine can't disable the integrated video then you may be able to. The list below will prevent Windows from. It also avoids the occasional resource conflicts between your new. So basically, I've given you four separate lists of steps. So which one should. If your computer can disable the integrated video in the BIOS then. If your computer can't. I'd try. this one. If you're. having serious problems then you can set a system restore point as described. Installation case 3: you're adding a new. PCI video card. This case is similar to installation. This case can be different because installing a PCI video. Almost all computers. PCI video card as the primary video display. But. sometimes this kind of upgrade is not possible because some older. Why Don't I Get Sound from My Computer? A Checklist)//Try as I might, I can’t get my computer to output sound. Nothing. I can’t figure out what’s wrong. That’s actually a composite of questions that I get very, very often. Sometimes it applies to only specific applications; other times it applies to the entire machine. The problem is, it’s a single silent symptom that can come from several sources. So, let’s run down a bit of a checklist. The obvious. Don’t be annoyed, but I want to start with what many people would consider the most obvious things. Probably about half of the people I hear from find their answer in this list: Make sure sound isn’t muted in Windows. Click the speaker icon (found in the Taskbar) and make sure the Mute indication isn’t present. It actually should show in the sound icon as well, but sometimes, I’ve seen it get out of sync. Are the speakers connected properly? Double check. An un- plugged speaker wire can, and often does, cause exactly this symptom. Do the speakers require power, and if so, are they plugged in/turned on, and is their volume turned up? This gets me every time I rearrange my desk, as the speakers I have get their power by being plugged into the monitor to which they are attached. I forget every time. The software. Next, we’ll look at things controlled by software and Windows itself. The hardware. Speaking of hardware, many people are quick to blame or assume that it’s a software problem when perhaps something more fundamental is wrong. Is the cable to the speakers in good condition? I had at least one person report back to me that the sound had stopped because her cat had chewed through the wires. Even if you don’t have pets, many audio cables used for inexpensive computer speakers are themselves fairly inexpensive and easy to damage. Is the audio cable plugged in securely? And to the right place? Once again, I ran into this one after moving my computer. Not only was the connector not completely pushed in, but I have a tendency to plug it into the wrong socket. Make sure yours is correct. As you can see, there are many, many possibilities when your computer goes silent. A little detective work carefully looking at things from the simple to the obscure usually clears things up. Download (right- click, Save- As) (Duration: 4: 3. MB)Subscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | RSSThis is an update to an article originally posted November 1. ![]() ![]() Searching for an electronic component? Simultaneously query distributors, and returns the responses in real time. Top VIdeos. Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /srv/users/serverpilot/apps/jujaitaly/public/index.php on line 447. Even more » Account Options. Sign in; Search settings. 400万人以上が利用しているホームページ作成サービス。無料で簡単にホームページを作成できます。独自ドメインや商用. Electronic Components, Distributor Inventories, Datasheets. Update your browser. Your browser (Internet Explorer) is out of date.Update your browser for more security, comfort and the best experience for this site. Aerodynamics - Wikipedia. A vortex is created by the passage of an aircraft wing, revealed by smoke. Vortices are one of the many phenomena associated with the study of aerodynamics. Aerodynamics, from Greek ἀήρ aer (air) + δυναμική (dynamics), the study of the motion of air, particularly its interaction with a solid object, such as an airplane wing. Aerodynamics is a sub- field of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, and many aspects of aerodynamics theory are common to these fields. The term aerodynamics is often used synonymously with gas dynamics, the difference being that "gas dynamics" applies to the study of the motion of all gases, and is not limited to air. The formal study of aerodynamics began in the modern sense in the eighteenth century, although observations of fundamental concepts such as aerodynamic drag were recorded much earlier. Most of the early efforts in aerodynamics were directed toward achieving heavier- than- air flight, which was first demonstrated by Wilbur and Orville Wright in 1. Since then, the use of aerodynamics through mathematical analysis, empirical approximations, wind tunnel experimentation, and computer simulations has formed a rational basis for the development of heavier- than- air flight and a number of other technologies. Recent work in aerodynamics has focused on issues related to compressible flow, turbulence, and boundary layers and has become increasingly computational in nature. History[edit]Modern aerodynamics only dates back to the seventeenth century, but aerodynamic forces have been harnessed by humans for thousands of years in sailboats and windmills,[1] and images and stories of flight appear throughout recorded history,[2] such as the Ancient Greek legend of Icarus and Daedalus.[3] Fundamental concepts of continuum, drag, and pressure gradients appear in the work of Aristotle and Archimedes.[4]In 1. Sir Isaac Newton became the first person to develop a theory of air resistance,[5] making him one of the first aerodynamicists. Dutch- Swissmathematician. Daniel Bernoulli followed in 1. Hydrodynamica in which he described a fundamental relationship between pressure, density, and flow velocity for incompressible flow known today as Bernoulli's principle, which provides one method for calculating aerodynamic lift.[6] In 1. Leonhard Euler published the more general Euler equations which could be applied to both compressible and incompressible flows.The Euler equations were extended to incorporate the effects of viscosity in the first half of the 1.Navier- Stokes equations.[7][8] The Navier- Stokes equations are the most general governing equations of fluid flow and but are difficult to solve for the flow around all but the simplest of shapes.A replica of the Wright brothers' wind tunnel is on display at the Virginia Air and Space Center.Wind tunnels were key in the development and validation of the laws of aerodynamics.In 1. 79. 9, Sir George Cayley became the first person to identify the four aerodynamic forces of flight (weight, lift, drag, and thrust), as well as the relationships between them,[9][1.In 1. 87. 1, Francis Herbert Wenham constructed the first wind tunnel, allowing precise measurements of aerodynamic forces. Drag theories were developed by Jean le Rond d'Alembert,[1. Gustav Kirchhoff,[1. Lord Rayleigh.[1. In 1. 88. 9, Charles Renard, a French aeronautical engineer, became the first person to reasonably predict the power needed for sustained flight.[1. Otto Lilienthal, the first person to become highly successful with glider flights, was also the first to propose thin, curved airfoils that would produce high lift and low drag.
Contaminated mine water is a ubiquitous persistent and detrimental environmental problem. Coal mine water is often acidic and if acid consuming minerals are present. There are also photos of other types of heavy-duty traffic (including Public Roadways). Current structural design, construction support, inspection and maintenance engineering of all State highway structures. Links to motor vehicle and road information. Green roofs provide a thermal mass layer which helps reduce the flow of heat into a building. The solar reflectance of green roofs varies depending on the plant types. ![]() ![]() Building on these developments as well as research carried out in their own wind tunnel, the Wright brothers flew the first powered airplane on December 1. During the time of the first flights, Frederick W. Lanchester,[1. 5]Martin Wilhelm Kutta, and Nikolai Zhukovsky independently created theories that connected circulation of a fluid flow to lift. Kutta and Zhukovsky went on to develop a two- dimensional wing theory. Expanding upon the work of Lanchester, Ludwig Prandtl is credited with developing the mathematics[1. As aircraft speed increased, designers began to encounter challenges associated with air compressibility at speeds near or greater than the speed of sound. The differences in air flows under such conditions leds to problems in aircraft control, increased drag due to shock waves, and the threat of structural failure due to aeroelastic flutter. The ratio of the flow speed to the speed of sound was named the Mach number after Ernst Mach who was one of the first to investigate the properties of supersonic flow. William John Macquorn Rankine and Pierre Henri Hugoniot independently developed the theory for flow properties before and after a shock wave, while Jakob Ackeret led the initial work of calculating the lift and drag of supersonic airfoils.[1. Theodore von Kármán and Hugh Latimer Dryden introduced the term transonic to describe flow speeds around Mach 1 where drag increases rapidly. This rapid increase in drag led aerodynamicists and aviators to disagree on whether supersonic flight was achievable until the sound barrier was broken for the first time in 1. Bell X- 1 aircraft. By the time the sound barrier was broken, aerodynamicists' understanding of the subsonic and low supersonic flow had matured. The Cold War prompted the design of an ever- evolving line of high performance aircraft. Computational fluid dynamics began as an effort to solve for flow properties around complex objects and has rapidly grown to the point where entire aircraft can be designed using computer software, with wind- tunnel tests followed by flight tests to confirm the computer predictions. Understanding of supersonic and hypersonic aerodynamics has matured since the 1. Designing aircraft for supersonic and hypersonic conditions, as well as the desire to improve the aerodynamic efficiency of current aircraft and propulsion systems, continues to motivate new research in aerodynamics, while work continues to be done on important problems in basic aerodynamic theory related to flow turbulence and the existence and uniqueness of analytical solutions to the Navier- Stokes equations. Fundamental concepts[edit]Understanding the motion of air around an object (often called a flow field) enables the calculation of forces and moments acting on the object. In many aerodynamics problems, the forces of interest are the fundamental forces of flight: lift, drag, thrust, and weight. Of these, lift and drag are aerodynamic forces, i. Calculation of these quantities is often founded upon the assumption that the flow field behaves as a continuum. Continuum flow fields are characterized by properties such as flow velocity, pressure, density, and temperature, which may be functions of position and time. These properties may be directly or indirectly measured in aerodynamics experiments or calculated starting with the equations for conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in air flows. Density, flow velocity, and an additional property, viscosity, are used to classify flow fields. Flow classification[edit]Flow velocity is used to classify flows according to speed regime. Subsonic flows are flow fields in which the air speed field is always below the local speed of sound. Transonic flows include both regions of subsonic flow and regions in which the local flow speed is greater than the local speed of sound. Supersonic flows are defined to be flows in which the flow speed is greater than the speed of sound everywhere. A fourth classification, hypersonic flow, refers to flows where the flow speed is much greater than the speed of sound. Aerodynamicists disagree on the precise definition of hypersonic flow. Compressible flow accounts for varying density within the flow. Subsonic flows are often idealized as incompressible, i. Transonic and supersonic flows are compressible, and calculations that neglect the changes of density in these flow fields will yield inaccurate results. Viscosity is associated with the frictional forces in a flow. In some flow fields, viscous effects are very small, and approximate solutions may safely neglect viscous effects. These approximations are called inviscid flows. Flows for which viscosity is not neglected are called viscous flows. Finally, aerodynamic problems may also be classified by the flow environment. External aerodynamics is the study of flow around solid objects of various shapes (e. ![]() For years, Logitech’s productivity mice have been among the best, with devices like the MX Master 2S helping to bring PC and Mac users together thanks to a cool. Anyways, Christopher Nolan just loves this. With longtime collaborator Hans Zimmer, the acclaimed director has used a Shepard tone in almost every one of his films in. The Uncanny Sound Illusion That Creates Suspense in Christopher Nolan's Movies. Ever notice how Christopher Nolan’s movies (Interstellar, Inception, The Prestige) feel like an anxiety attack? Well, maybe that’s overstating things a bit. But the director does have a knack for creating an unnerving degree of tension. Turns out he’s using a little bit of musical magic to do it. The magic is actually a science- based audio illusion called a Shepard tone. Named after psychologist Roger Shepard, a pioneer in our understanding of spatial relation, the effect sounds like an infinitely ascending or descending scale. The tones are constantly moving upwards or downwards, but they never seem to reach a pinnacle or nadir. This is accomplished by stacking scales on top of each other—typically one treble scale, one midrange, and one bass—with an octave in between, then playing them in a continuous loop. A Shepard tone is sometimes referred to as the barber pole of sound. You can even see the similarity, when you hear it and look at the spectrum view of a Shepard tone. Don’t listen to this too long, or you might lose your mind: Anyways, Christopher Nolan just loves this. With longtime collaborator Hans Zimmer, the acclaimed director has used a Shepard tone in almost every one of his films in the last decade. He even writes his scripts to match the effect. The classic US stereotype of attempted Iranian ideological indoctrination via chants of “Death to America” and such has been old hat for quite some time. As noted. A redacted version of the emails was initially filed in August. Uber has pushed for several weeks to lift the redactions on the emails, and Waymo finally submitted a. ![]() In a recent interview, Nolan explained how he used Shepard tones in his newest film, Dunkirk: The screenplay had been written according to musical principals. There’s an audio illusion, if you will, in music called a “Shepard tone” and with my composer David Julyan on “The Prestige” we explored that and based a lot of the score around that. And it’s an illusion where there’s a continuing ascension of tone. It’s a corkscrew effect. ![]() It’s always going up and up and up but it never goes outside of its range. And I wrote the script according to that principle. I interwove the three timelines in such a way that there’s a continual feeling of intensity. Increasing intensity. So I wanted to build the music on similar mathematical principals. Knowing this, you gain a deeper understanding of films like Interstellar, Inception, and The Prestige. It also explains why these films seem somehow inconclusive. A Shepard’s tone creates a conflict that can’t be resolved, just like Nolan’s plots.[Digg, Business Insider]. Peer Reviewed Journal. Abstract: In this work, the production of xylanase. Aspergillus fumigatus under SSF was. H of the medium. These. RSM). The central. RSM have been applied for. The optimum conditions were substrate. ![]() Time – 1. 33 hrs, initial moisture. H – 5. 3. Higher value of. R. = 0. 9. 75. 0 indicates. The. Response surface methodology revealed that the. IU/gds. was obtained at the above optimum conditions. Along with xylanase, a concurrent production of. Key words: Xylanase, central composite design, response surface methodology, regression.Reference[1]. Wong, K.K. Y., Tan, L. U.L., Saddler, J. 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Streptomyces sp. QG- 1. Enzyme Microb. Technol, 2. Teixeira, R. S. S., Siqueira, F. G., Souza. M. V., Filho, E. X. F., and Bon, E. P. S.. Purification and characterization studies of a. ![]() Aspergillus. awamori, Journal of Industrial. Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2. Salles, B. C., Medeiros, R. G., Bao, S. N. Silva, Jr. F. G, Filho, E. X. F., Effect of. cellulase- free xylanases from. Acrophialophora nainiana and Humicola. Proc. Biochem, 2. Romanowska, I., Polak, J., Bielecki, S.. Isolation and properties of Aspergillus niger. IBT- 9. 0 xylanase for bakery, Appl Microbiol. Biotechnol, 2. 00. Haltrich, D., Nidetzky, B., Kulbe, K. D.. Steiner, W., Zupancic, S., Production of. Bioresour Technol, 1. Pandey, A., Selvakumar, P., Soceal. C. R. Nigam, P., Solid state fermentation for the. Industrial enzymes. Curr. Sci.. 1. 99. Milagres, A. M. F., Santos, E. T., Piovan, I. C.. Roberto, Production of xylanase by. Thermoascus aurantiacus from sugar cane. Process Biochemistry, 3. 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Kulkarni, N., Shendye, A., Rao, M.. Molecular and biotechnological aspects of. FEMS Microbiol. Lett, 1. Heck, J. X., Flores, S. H., Hertz, P. F., Ayub. M. A. Z.,Optimization of cellulase- free. Bacillus. coagulans BL6. Process Biochem, 2. Bajaj, J., Maliekal, T. T., Vivien, E., Notch. CD6. 6+ cells drives the. Cancer Research, 2. Khurana, S., Kapoor, M., Gupta, S., and. Kuhad, R. C., Statistical optimization of. Streptomyces violaceoruber under. Indian Journal of. Microbiology, 2. 00. Vimalashanmugam K., Viruthagiri T.. Statistical optimization of media. Aspergillus fumigatus using SSF, 2. IJERA, 2(5), 1. 32. Rajeshkannan, R., Rajamohan, N. R.. Rajasimman, M., Removal of malachite. Front Chem. Eng. China, 2. Rajasimman, M., Sangeetha, R., Karthic, P.. Statistical optimization of process. VI) from pharmaceutical wastewater by. Chem Eng. J. 2. 00. Adhinaraya, K., Bapi Raju, KVVSN., Iqbal. Zargar, M., Bhavani Devi, R., Jhansi. Lakshmi, P., Ellaiah, P., Optimisation of. 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